Role of Metallic and Bimetallic Modified Carbon Nanotubes in the Formation of Polymethyl Methacrylate Composites Zn-CNTs and Cu-Zn/CNTs based PMMA composites

Main Article Content

Farrukh Bashir
Palwasha Hakeem
Ayesha Mushtaq
Huma Tareen
Muhammad Aamir
Khurrum Shahzad Buzdar

Abstract

In the realm of nanotechnology, polymer composites, being light weight and transparent, are used in a multitude of applications. The present work, in particular, focuses on the reinforcement of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within polymer composites in order to impart conducting properties in a non-conducting polymer. Usually, resistance in the flow of current occurs due to the re-agglomeration of CNTs and in order to overcome this problem, modification of CNTs was carried out through utilization of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu-Zn) nanoparticles (NPs). Two types of filler: ? and ? having Zn-NPs/CNTs and Cu-Zn/NPs/CNTs were fabricated respectively. In polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), different wt. % of the fabricated fillers ? and ? were dispersed, which corresponds the synthesis of monometallic and bimetallic composites. Methods and techniques like FTIR, XRD, SEM and LCR meter were used for analyses of these composites. For monometallic and bimetallic composites, the observed conductivity value of filler was 3×10-3 S/cm and 1.67×10-4 S/cm at 0.1 and 0.05 wt. % respectively. It was concluded that in bimetallic composites, high conductivity value was achieved at low filler concentration.  

Article Details

How to Cite
Bashir, F., Hakeem, P., Mushtaq, A., Tareen, H., Aamir, M., & Buzdar, K. S. (2023). Role of Metallic and Bimetallic Modified Carbon Nanotubes in the Formation of Polymethyl Methacrylate Composites: Zn-CNTs and Cu-Zn/CNTs based PMMA composites. Pakistan Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 4(2), 32-45. Retrieved from http://pjmr.org/pjmr/article/view/407
Section
Articles

References

Ahmadi Tabar F, Nikfarjam A, Tavakoli N, Nasrollah Gavgani J, Mahyari M, Hosseini SG. Chemical-resistant ammonia sensor based on polyaniline/CuO nanoparticles supported on three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene-based framework nanocomposites. Microchimica Acta. 2020;187(5):1-13.

Anwar, S., Tawab,R., Kinza, Sami, A. (2020). A Systematic Review of Impact of Employee Engagement on Organizational Performance. Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis Journal 1 (1), 1-6

Ashik K, Sharma RS. A review on mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites. Journal of minerals and materials characterization and engineering. 2015;3(05):420.

Aziz SB, Abdullah OG, Hussein AM, Ahmed HM. From insulating PMMA polymer to conjugated double bond behavior: green chemistry as a novel approach to fabricate small band gap polymers. Polymers. 2017;9(11):626.

Babu KF, Subramanian SS, Kulandainathan MA. Functionalisation of fabrics with conducting polymer for tuning capacitance and fabrication of supercapacitor. Carbohydrate polymers. 2013;94(1):487-95.

Bal S, Samal S. Carbon nanotube reinforced polymer composites—a state of the art. Bulletin of Materials Science. 2007;30(4):379.

Balazs AC, Emrick T, Russell TP. Nanoparticle polymer composites: where two small worlds meet. Science. 2006;314(5802):1107-10.

Bashir F, Hussain T, Mujahid A, Mushtaq A, Raza MA, Ahmad MN, et al. Zwitterionic Surfactant Modified Carbon Nanotubes Incorporated Percolative Polymer Composites with Improved Features. Nano Biomedicine & Engineering. 2023;15(2).

Bashir F, Hussain T, Mujahid A, Shehzad K, Raza MA, Zahid M, et al. Tailoring electrical and thermal properties of polymethyl methacrylate?carbon nanotubes composites through polyaniline and dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid impregnation. Polymer Composites. 2018;39(S2):E1052-E9.

Boginskaya I, Gusev A, Mailyan K, Ozerin S, Pebalk A, Ryzhikov I, et al. Structure of and electric conduction in metal–polymer poly-para-xylylene–Ag nanocomposite films. Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics. 2011;56(1):66-72.

Byrne MT, Gun'ko YK. Recent advances in research on carbon nanotube–polymer composites. Advanced materials. 2010;22(15):1672-88.

Chew K, Tan K. The effects of ceramic fillers on PMMA-based polymer electrolyte salted with lithium triflate, LiCF3SO3. Int J Electrochem Sci. 2011;6(11):5792-801.

Choudhary HK, Kumar R, Pawar SP, Sundararaj U, Sahoo B. Effect of morphology and role of conductivity of embedded metallic nanoparticles on electromagnetic interference shielding of PVDF-carbonaceous-nanofiller composites. Carbon. 2020;164:357-68.

Chouli F, Radja I, Morallon E, Benyoucef A. A novel conducting nanocomposite obtained by p?anisidine and aniline with titanium (IV) oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical properties. Polymer Composites. 2017;38:E254-E60.

da Silva Júnior RM, Viana DdSF, da Silva DA, dos Santos ALN, da Silveira Ramos IF, de Sousa GF, et al. Development and characterization of thin film composite developed from poly (vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG)/norbixin (NBx)/hydroxyapatite. Colloid and Polymer Science. 2021:1-12.

Fu S, Chen X, Liu P. Preparation of CNTs/Cu composites with good electrical conductivity and excellent mechanical properties. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2020;771:138656.

Gacitua W, Ballerini A, Zhang J. Polymer nanocomposites: synthetic and natural fillers a review. Maderas Ciencia y tecnología. 2005;7(3):159-78.

Hussain T, Ahmad MN, Nawaz A, Mujahid A, Bashir F, Mustafa G. Surfactant incorporated Co nanoparticles polymer composites with uniform dispersion and double percolation. Journal of Chemistry. 2017;2017.

Hussain T, Bashir F, Mujahid A, Intisar A, Ahmad MN, Raza MA, et al. Highly Stable APTES Incorporated CNTs Based Ternary Polymer Composites with Improved Dielectric and Thermal Properties. Silicon. 2022;14(16):10807-16.

Irfan, A., Rasli, A., Sulaiman, Z., Sami, A., & Qureshi, M. I. (2019). The Influence of Social Media on Public Value: A systematic Review of Past Decade. Journal of Public Value and Administration Insights, 2(1), 1-6.

Kadkhodayan M, Rajabi A. An investigation into the deep drawing of fiber-metal laminates based on glass fiber reinforced polypropylene. International Journal of Engineering. 2014;27(3):349-58.

Kumar A, Sharma K, Dixit AR. A review on the mechanical properties of polymer composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes and graphene. Carbon Letters. 2020:1-17.

Kumar R, Ul Haq MI, Raina A, Anand A. Industrial applications of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites–challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. 2019;12(3):212-20.

Liu H, Li Q, Zhang S, Yin R, Liu X, He Y, et al. Electrically conductive polymer composites for smart flexible strain sensors: a critical review. Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 2018;6(45):12121-41.Arfat YA, Ahmed J, Jacob H. Preparation and characterization of agar-based nanocomposite films reinforced with bimetallic (Ag-Cu) alloy nanoparticles. Carbohydrate polymers. 2017;155:382-90.

Logakis E, Pandis C, Pissis P, Pionteck J, Pötschke P. Highly conducting poly (methyl methacrylate)/carbon nanotubes composites: Investigation on their thermal, dynamic-mechanical, electrical and dielectric properties. Composites Science and Technology. 2011;71(6):854-62.

Manikandan V, Jappes JW, Kumar SS, Amuthakkannan P. Investigation of the effect of surface modifications on the mechanical properties of basalt fibre reinforced polymer composites. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2012;43(2):812-8.

Masipa PM, Magadzu T, Mkhondo B. Decoration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by metal nanoparticles and metal oxides using chemical evaporation method. South African Journal of Chemistry. 2013;66:173-8.Qasim I, Mumtaz M, Nadeem K, Abbas SQ. Zinc Nanoparticles at Intercrystallite Sites of (Cu0. 5Tl0. 5) Ba2Ca3Cu4O12? ? Superconductor. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2016;2016.

Minal SP, Prakash S, editors. Cu-Zn and Ag-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles as larvicide to control malaria parasite vector: a comparative analysis. 2016 IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC); 2016: IEEE.

Nasrollah Gavgani J, Tavakoli N, Heidari H, Mahyari M. Graphene-based nanocomposites sensors for detection of ammonia. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2022:1-25.

Neelgund GM, Bliznyuk VN, Pud AA, Fatyeyeva KY, Hrehorova E, Joyce M. Formation of nanostructured composites with environmentally-dependent electrical properties based on poly (vinylidene fluoride)–polyaniline core–shell latex system. Polymer. 2010;51(9):2000-6.

Parameswaranpillai J, Joseph G, Shinu K, Sreejesh P, Jose S, Salim NV, et al. The role of SEBS in tailoring the interface between the polymer matrix and exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets in hybrid composites. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2015;163:182-9.

Peng C, Zhang S, Jewell D, Chen GZ. Carbon nanotube and conducting polymer composites for supercapacitors. Progress in Natural science. 2008;18(7):777-88.

Pierini F, Lanzi M, Nakielski P, Kowalewski TA. Electrospun polyaniline-based composite nanofibers: Tuning the electrical conductivity by tailoring the structure of thiol-protected metal nanoparticles. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2017;2017.

Poblete V, Alvarez M, Fuenzalida V. Conductive copper?PMMA nanocomposites: Microstructure, electrical behavior, and percolation threshold as a function of metal filler concentration. Polymer Composites. 2009;30(3):328-33.

Qiao P, Yang M. Impact analysis of fiber reinforced polymer honeycomb composite sandwich beams. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2007;38(5-6):739-50.

Razzaq, S., Sami, A., Sib-tul-Manum, & Hammad, M. (2020). Transformational Leadership and Organizational Performance in Western & Non-Western Context: Systematic Review of 2019. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Research, 3(3), 58-60.

Rehman, S., Sami, A., Haroon, A., & Irfan, A. (2019). Impact of Sustainable Leadership Practices on Public Sector Organization: A systematic Review of Past Decade. Journal of Public Value and Administration Insights, 2(3), 1-5.

Rhim J, Wang L, Hong S. Preparation and characterization of agar/silver nanoparticles composite films with antimicrobial activity. Food Hydrocolloids. 2013;33(2):327-35.

Salim W, Ho WW. Recent developments on nanostructured polymer-based membranes. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering. 2015;8:76-82.

Shankar SS, Rai A, Ahmad A, Sastry M. Rapid synthesis of Au, Ag, and bimetallic Au core–Ag shell nanoparticles using Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf broth. Journal of colloid and interface science. 2004;275(2):496-502.

Sharma S, Hussain S, Singh S, Islam S. MWCNT-conducting polymer composite based ammonia gas sensors: A new approach for complete recovery process. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 2014;194:213-9.

Sharma S, Pujari P. Role of free volume characteristics of polymer matrix in bulk physical properties of polymer nanocomposites: A review of positron annihilation lifetime studies. Progress in Polymer Science. 2017;75:31-47.

Shaw A, Sriramula S, Gosling PD, Chryssanthopoulos MK. A critical reliability evaluation of fibre reinforced composite materials based on probabilistic micro and macro-mechanical analysis. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2010;41(6):446-53.

Toshima N, Yonezawa T. Bimetallic nanoparticles—novel materials for chemical and physical applications. New Journal of Chemistry. 1998;22(11):1179-201.

Untereker D, Lyu S, Schley J, Martinez G, Lohstreter L. Maximum conductivity of packed nanoparticles and their polymer composites. ACS applied materials & interfaces. 2009;1(1):97-101.

Winey KI, Kashiwagi T, Mu M. Improving electrical conductivity and thermal properties of polymers by the addition of carbon nanotubes as fillers. Mrs Bulletin. 2007;32(4):348-53.

Wu X, Takeshita S, Tadumi K, Dong W, Horiuchi S, Niino H, et al. Preparation of noble metal/polymer nanocomposites via in situ polymerization and metal complex reduction. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2019;222:300-8.

Yang Y, Li Ly, Yin B, Yang Mb. An effective strategy to achieve ultralow electrical percolation threshold with cnts anchoring at the interface of pvdf/ps bi?continuous structures to form an interfacial conductive layer. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering. 2020;305(4):1900835.

Zhang L, Deng H, Fu Q. Recent progress on thermal conductive and electrical insulating polymer composites. Composites Communications. 2018;8:74-82.

Zhang WD, Shen L, Phang IY, Liu T. Carbon nanotubes reinforced nylon-6 composite prepared by simple melt-compounding. Macromolecules. 2004;37(2):256-9.

Most read articles by the same author(s)