A Systematic Review on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) with a focus on Ethics and Ethical Constraints
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The increased use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based applications in our daily lives, not only influence the way we live but also inspires pedagogical practices in education. This study will be instrumental in showcasing how artificial intelligence helps in the improvement of the teaching, learning and pedagogical processes in educational settings and the importance of ethical aspects related to Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd). A systematic review (SR) based on the protocol Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) of AIEd in the last nine years (2013-2021), restricted to two databases (Web of Science and Scopus), has been conducted. The major focus is on ethics and ethical constraints faced by the users of AIEd. The search key terms for the review are “Artificial Intelligence in Education” (AIEd), “Artificial Intelligence in digital ethics”. The non-English and in press articles have been excluded. After a careful assessment of each record based on the objectives and scope of the SR, 32 research articles are shortlisted to be included. Further research on the study is done through bibliometric analysis based on co-occurrence of keywords with country-based and citation-based using VOS-viewer software. A comparative analysis of segments was used to understand the ethics in AIEd. The result highlighted two prominent factors for further research in AIEd; the specification of “Digital Ethics” and “Potential Research areas in the implementation of AIEd’s ethics”. The current systematic review has comprehensively expressed the opportunities and capabilities of integration of AIEd within the chosen databases and timespan of nine years.
Article Details
References
Bawack, R. E., Fosso Wamba, S., & Carillo, K. D. A. (2021). A framework for understanding artificial intelligence research: insights from practice. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 34(2), 645–678. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-07-2020-0284
Borenstein, J., & Howard, A. (2021). Emerging challenges in AI and the need for AI ethics education. AI and Ethics, 1(1), 61–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00002-7
Chaudhry, M. A., & Kazim, E. (2021). Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd): a high-level academic and industry note 2021. AI and Ethics, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00074-z
Chen, L. J., Chen, P. P., & Lin, Z. J. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Review. IEEE ACCESS, 8, 75264–75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510
Chen, X., Xie, H., Zou, D., & Hwang, G.-J. (2020). Application and theory gaps during the rise of Artificial Intelligence in Education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 1(August), 100002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100002
Chong, J. V. V. (2020). Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Education: a Study of Public Elementary School Teachers. Biola University.
Dermeval, D., Paiva, R., Bittencourt, I. I., Vassileva, J., & Borges, D. (2018). Authoring Tools for Designing Intelligent Tutoring Systems: a Systematic Review of the Literature. In International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education (Vol. 28, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-017-0157-9
Furey, H., & Martin, F. (2019). AI education matters. AI Matters, 4(4), 13–15. https://doi.org/10.1145/3299758.3299764
Garrett, N., Beard, N., & Fiesler, C. (2020). More than “if time allows”: The role of ethics in AI education. AIES 2020 - Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, 272–278. https://doi.org/10.1145/3375627.3375868
Holmes, W, Porayska-Pomsta, K., Holstein, K., Sutherland, E., Baker, T., Shum, S. B., Santos, O. C., Rodrigo, M. T., Cukurova, M., Bittencourt, I. I., & Koedinger, K. R. (2021). Ethics of AI in Education: Towards a Community-Wide Framework. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00239-1
Holmes, Wayne, Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial Intelligence In Education Promises and Implications for Teaching and Learning. http://bit.ly/AIEd-
Holmes, Wayne, Porayska-Pomsta, K., Holstein, K., Sutherland, E., Baker, T., Shum, S. B., Santos, O. C., Rodrigo, M. T., Cukurova, M., Bittencourt, I. I., & Koedinger, K. R. (2021). Ethics of AI in Education: Towards a Community-Wide Framework. In International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00239-1
Kabudi, T., Pappas, I., & Olsen, D. H. (2021). AI-enabled adaptive learning systems: A systematic mapping of the literature. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2(March), 100017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100017
Kharbat, F. F., Alshawabkeh, A., & Woolsey, M. L. (2021). Identifying gaps in using artificial intelligence to support students with intellectual disabilities from education and health perspectives. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 73(1), 101–128. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJIM-02-2020-0054
Latham , Annabel and Goltz , Sean ( 2019 ) A Survey of the General Public ’ s Views on the Ethics of using AI in Education . In?: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 11625 - AIED 2019 . Lecture Notes in Computer Science , 11625 . Springer Nature , Sw. (2019). 0–13.
Li, Y., Li, S., & Wang, L. (2021). The integration development of artificial intelligence and education. ICCSE 2021 - IEEE 16th International Conference on Computer Science and Education, Iccse, 994–997. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSE51940.2021.9569551
Liang, Z., & Tao, F. (2020). Research on the Application of Artificial Intelligence in E-commerce Design. Proceedings - 2020 International Conference on Innovation Design and Digital Technology, ICIDDT 2020, Iccse, 455–458. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIDDT52279.2020.00091
Luan, H., Geczy, P., Lai, H., Gobert, J., Yang, S. J. H., Ogata, H., Baltes, J., Guerra, R., Li, P., & Tsai, C.-C. (2020). Challenges and future directions of big data and artificial intelligence in education. Frontiers in Psychology, 11.
Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., & Forcier, L. B. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education.
Muldner, K., Luckin, R., Eds, E. M., & Goebel, R. (2020). Series Editors. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52237-7
Nti, I. K., Adekoya, A. F., Weyori, B. A., & Nyarko-Boateng, O. (2021). Applications of artificial intelligence in engineering and manufacturing: a systematic review. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-021-01771-6
Papadopoulos, I., Lazzarino, R., Miah, S., Weaver, T., Thomas, B., & Koulouglioti, C. (2020). A systematic review of the literature regarding socially assistive robots in pre-tertiary education. Computers and Education, 155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103924
Sami, A., Jusoh, A., Mahfar, M., Qureshi, M. I., & Khan, M. M. (2016). Role of Ethical Culture in Creating Public Value. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(4S). 255-261
Xu, L. (2020). The Dilemma and Countermeasures of AI in Educational Application. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 289–294. https://doi.org/10.1145/3445815.3445863
Yao, K., & Yang, H. (2020). Research on the Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Education. Education Reform and Development, 2(2), 994–997. https://doi.org/10.26689/erd.v2i2.2062
Zhai, X., Chu, X., Chai, C. S., Jong, M. S. Y., Istenic, A., Spector, M., Liu, J. B., Yuan, J., & Li, Y. (2021). A Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education from 2010 to 2020. Complexity, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8812542